浅谈原油储罐机械清洗技术及应用

原油储罐在使用过程中，进行检修及动火维修等施工作业前，需要将罐内的原油及油污清除干净。以往采用人工清罐的方式，即由施工人员进入罐内手工进行清理。罐内作业环境恶劣，存在中毒、爆炸等重大安全隐患；并严重损坏作业人员身体健康；同时大量的清於工作及废弃的於渣，易造成罐区和周边地区环境污染；人工清罐的施工周期也较长，影响油库的储存调节能力；人工清罐大量的罐底油进不了油田储运系统，造成资源浪费和经济损失。针对人工清罐的诸多弊端，我们探索寻求解决方法，于今年与大庆油田储运销售分公司合作，率先引进机械清罐技术，并在曙光输油泵站9＃罐（20000M3）进行了机械清洗作业施工。

Crude oil tank in the process of use, maintenance and repair operations before the fire, need to clean the tank of crude oil and oil. In the past, artificial tank cleaning is used by the builders into the tank by hand. The tank work environment is bad, there are significant security risks of poisoning and explosion; and seriously damage the health of workers; at the same time a lot of work to clear and waste slag on, environmental pollution caused by farm and the surrounding area; artificial cleaning tank construction period is longer, the impact of oil reservoir storage regulation; artificial cleaning tank a large number of tank bottom oil into the oil storage and transportation system, resulting in a waste of resources and economic losses. In view of the disadvantages of artificial cleaning, we explore and find solutions. First, we introduced the mechanical cleaning technology in cooperation with Daqing oilfield storage and transportation sales branch this year, and carried out mechanical cleaning operation in the 9 tank (20000M3) of Shuguang oil pumping station.

一、原油储罐机械清洗技术的工作原理

The working principle of mechanical cleaning technology for crude oil storage tank

原油储罐机械清洗技术是通过储油罐机械清洗系统（临时敷设的管道将机械清洗设备与清洗油罐、清洗油供给油罐及原油回收油罐连接在一起）将被清洗油罐底部具有流动性的原油移送至回收油罐中，然后用供给储罐中的原油经加温、加压后通过用设置在清洗油罐单盘上的清洗机搅拌，喷射清洗热油击碎溶解淤渣，溶解被清洗油罐中的剩余凝固油，经过滤器过滤后移送至回收油罐中，比较后再用加温后清水对储罐内各部位进行循环清洗，比较终清除罐内所有油污，以达到罐内检修及动火条件。

Mechanical cleaning technology of oil tank through the oil tank mechanical cleaning system (temporary pipeline laying mechanical cleaning equipment and cleaning tank, cleaning oil supply tank and oil recovery tank connected together) will be cleaning the oil tank bottom is liquidity transferred to the crude oil recovery of oil tank, and then use the supply tank of crude oil by heating, by setting pressure stirring in the washing machine on a single disc cleaning tank, jet cleaning oil break dissolved sludge, dissolved by cleaning the residual oil solidification in the tank, filtered by filter transferred to the recovery tank, and then heated water to various parts of the storage tank for cleaning cycle, eventually remove all oil tank in order to achieve, maintenance and fire conditions inside the tank.

二、原油储罐机械清洗技术施工作业主要步骤

Two. Main steps in the construction of mechanical cleaning technology for crude oil storage tanks

1、设备安装

1. Installation of equipment

按照临时敷设管道图进行设备及管道的安装，进行系统整体试压操作，达到无泄漏密闭状态，同时安装电气系统，氧气及可燃气体检测系统。

Installation of equipment and piping according to temporary pipe laying diagram is carried out. The whole system is tested and operated to achieve no leakage and closed state. Meanwhile, electrical system, oxygen and flammable gas detection system are installed.

2、油移送

2, oil transfer

通过系统的移送模块将被清洗油罐中有流动性的原油移送到回收油罐中，以便进行清洗作业。

The flow of crude oil in the tank is transferred to the recycled oil tank through the system transfer module to carry out the cleaning operation.

3、油搅拌

3. Oil mixing

由系统的清洗模块将供给油罐中的原油经加温、加压后通过清洗机对被清洗储罐内部较难溶解的凝固油进行击碎、溶解，使其具有较好的流动性后。

The crude oil in the supply tank is heated and pressurized by the system cleaning module to clean and dissolve the solidified oil which is difficult to dissolve in the cleaning tank by cleaning machine, so that it has good fluidity.

4、同种油清洗

4. Cleaning of the same oil

由清洗系统的清洗模块将供给油罐中的原油经加温、加压后通过清洗机对被清洗储罐内部各部分的凝固油进行溶解，使其分散、具有流动性，再通过移送模块过滤后移送到回收油罐中。

The crude oil in the supply tank is heated and pressurized by the cleaning module of the cleaning system, and the solidified oil in each part of the cleaning tank is dissolved by the washing machine, so that it is dispersed and fluidity. Then it is transferred to the recovery oil tank after filtering through the transfer module.

5、温水清洗

5, warm water cleaning

由系统的清洗模块对预先加入到油水分离槽中的清水进行加温加压后，通过清洗机清洗储罐内部各部位，再利用油水分离槽分离温水清洗循环过程中的油水混合物，分离出来的原油由回收泵送至回收油罐，分离出来的清水继续进行温水清洗循环作业，直至达到清洗标准要求。

To advance into the oil separating tank of water for heating and pressurizing by cleaning module of the system, through the various parts of the internal tank cleaning machine, then use warm water to clean the oil separating tank oil-water separation process mixture separated from crude oil recovery pump to the recovery tank, separated water to warm water cleaning cycle operation, until it reaches the standard of cleaning.

6、安全措施

6. Security measures

在上述施工作业过程中，为防止罐内产生爆炸环境，始终向被清洗油罐内注入惰性气体，并且投用氧气及可燃气体检测仪，以保证可燃气体浓度合格，氧气浓度控制在8VOL%以下的惰性环境。

In order to prevent explosive environment in the construction process, inert gas is always injected into the cleaned oil tank, and oxygen and flammable gas detector is used to ensure that the concentration of flammable gas is qualified and the oxygen concentration is controlled below 8VOL%.